Turns

This is not a PPL turn! The figure is indeed a level turn, however in this case it must not be flown with with the usual "co-ordinated" roll-and-yaw. Here we want a crisply started initial partial roll to establish a bank angle of at least 60 degrees without any change in heading, then immediately a constant rate turn for the whole heading change with no variation in bank angle, to a stop on heading whilst still rolled that instantly precedes a balancing partial roll to return to level flight. Think of the jerky actions of a mime artist - that's the style we want.

Roll into the turn:  

• Start from level flight on heading
• Roll briskly to at least 60° with no heading change, ie. just like the first 60° of a slow roll.
• The aeroplane CGT should remain level throughout the roll

Turn:

• Constant bank angle
• Constant rate of turn
• Maintain level (altitude)
• Stop on heading 

Roll out:

• Roll briskly back to wings-level flight
• No change in heading!
• Constant roll rate
• The rate of roll in and out of the turn should be even   

What is not judged:

• The shape of the turn, this is not a wind corrected figure
• The size of the turn

Practical Tips:

• Check that the heading is correct at the start of the turn
• Be careful of optical effects – the aeroplane will look as if it is climbing when it's coming towards you and descending when it is going away from you (CHECK).
• Think about the direction turned – it matters if the figure is onto the "A" axis.
• Look for 'crabbing' at the end of the turn, ie. sliding sideways with off-angle CGT although the ZLA remains correct. The aeroplane should be 'square' to the box and flying directly along the correct axis.